<p>Regina Coeli Monastery is a historic building located in Bettendorf, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1994. The building currently houses an addictions rehabilitation facility called The Abbey Center. The Discalced Carmelite nuns who built the building relocated to a new monastery in Eldridge, Iowa in 1975. The monastery was originally established in Davenport, Iowa by James Davis of the Catholic Diocese of Davenport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Davenport Carmel</h3><br>
<p>The first Discalced Carmelite nuns arrived in Davenport from the Carmel at Baltimore on November 23, 1911. The community included Mother Clare of the Blessed Sacrament, who was a native of Dubuque, Iowa and Mother Aloysius of Our Lady of Good Counsel, from Deerfield, Minnesota. Other members of the small community included Sister Gabriel of Divine Providence and Sister Gertrude of the Sacred Heart. Mother Clare&#39;s brother, Joseph Nagle, was instrumental in bringing the Carmelites to Davenport. The Archbishop of Dubuque had initially indicated that he would accept the order into his diocese, but withdrew the offer in 1905, and no other bishops in the upper Midwest were able to accept the nuns. Joseph Nagle was persistent and convinced Bishop Davis to bring the community to his diocese.</p><br>
<p>The Carmel was officially established on the feast of St. John of the Cross on November 24, 1911, with a Mass celebrated by another of Mother Clares brothers, the Rev. Garrett Nagle, in the small cottage that was the nuns new home at 15th and Brady Streets. The Carmel was adjacent to the bishop&#39;s residence, and he would celebrate Mass for the nuns as often as possible. The Archbishop of Baltimore, James Cardinal Gibbons, appointed Mother Clare as the prioress of the new Carmel and Mother Aloysius sub-prioress before they had left Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>The cottage was a bit small and an addition was built on property donated by Bishop Davis. The addition included a chapel in the Late Gothic Revival style, nuns choir, sacristy, and six bedrooms. A covered walk was also built between the chapel and the bishops residence. The first Mass in the new chapel was Midnight Mass on December 25, 1912. The dedication took place on February 11, 1913. The chapel was dedicated as Pater Noster Chapel, and the monastery was dedicated to the prophet Elijah.</p><br>
<h3>Bettendorf Carmel</h3><br>
<p>When the new addition was completed plans were begun to expand the monastery itself so that 21 nuns could have their own room as was stipulated in the Carmelite Rule. However, the property on Brady Street was not a sufficient location to expand the building. Mother Clare indicated that Bettendorf could be a potential location. Pius Mohr located land on the bluffs above Bettendorf, and Bishop Davis purchased the land on April 3, 1915. The property was surrounded by woods and farmland, which was more appropriate for contemplative life than the city location.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Ebeling, who had designed the chapel addition, was chosen as the architect for the new Carmel. He had also designed homes and other buildings for the monasterys primary benefactors, the Walsh, Kahl, and Bettendorf families. In fact, Joseph Bettendorfs new house, also designed by Ebeling, was only a couple of blocks away on the same bluff. This was probably the largest and most complicated project that Ebeling had worked on up to this point in his career. Its then remote site did not access to improved city streets or electricity. The town provided a water hydrant for water, and a telephone was installed when priests requested it to ease the process of ordering altar breads. A professional landscaper designed the garden and grounds. The chapel was not a part of the building as yet, and the monastery itself was not fully completed when the nuns moved into their new home on June 29, 1916. The monastery&#39;s name was changed to Regina Coeli.</p><br>
<p>On Friday, November 24, 1916, the fifth anniversary of the arrival of the Carmelites in Davenport, Bishop Davis consecrated the monastery bells. The large bell was christened Vox Domini (the voice of the Lord), and the small bell, St. Joseph. The chapel of the Davenport Carmel was taken down and rebuilt at the new Carmel in Bettendorf. It was re-dedicated on Pentecost Sunday, 1919, and it kept its original name from when it was in Davenport, Pater Noster. The room that had been used for the chapel was divided in two and became the library and the chapter room. The rest of the monastery was finished in 1921, and the enclosure wall was finished in 1937.</p><br>
<p>While life in a Carmel is mostly quiet there are events that break into that silence. The Ku Klux Klan had chosen the Carmelites as the focus of their hostility toward the Catholic Church. They erected fiery crosses and created a commotion in a farmers field opposite the monastery. Instead of driving the nuns out they provoked the townspeople who came to the nuns defense. The police restored quiet to the area and protection to the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Carmels are limited to 21 nuns, and when the community became too large it would establish a new Carmel. The Bettendorf Carmel established three new foundations. The Carmel at New Albany, Indiana, which later moved to Indianapolis, was established in 1922. The mission was led by Mother Teresa Seelbach and Sister Hilda Ammann. A Carmel was established in 1940 in Milwaukee, which later moved to Pewaukee, Wisconsin. It was led by Mother Paula Doersching, Mother Grace Meade, Sister Joan Meyer, Sister Elizabeth Kinsella, and Sister Ann Mezer. The Sioux City, Iowa Carmel was established in 1961, and was led by Mother Agnes Dwight, Sister Michael Skelley, Sister Magdalen Heun, Sister Raphael Baker, Sister Marie Schuman, and Sister Clare Lafferty.</p><br>
<p>Social and Ecclesiastical changes ensued in the 1960s. The vacancies that were created by the establishment of the Sioux City Carmel were not filled. The nuns who remained were unable to care for the large Carmel in Bettendorf. It was decided that a more modest facility was needed and so 10 acre of farmland were purchased north of Davenport near the town of Eldridge. The bodies of the deceased nuns were transferred from the crypt to Mt. Calvary Cemetery in Davenport. The Bettendorf Carmel was sold to an Evangelical Christian Church. In 1978 the Franciscan Brothers of Christ the King bought the building and renamed it St. Francis Monastery. They used it for a retreat house and hosted banquets. The brothers sold the building and the new owners remodeled it became a four-star Abbey Hotel in 1993. In 2009 the hotel was closed and it became an addictions rehabilitation center called The Abbey Center.</p><br>
<h3>Eldridge Carmel</h3><br>
<p>The new Carmel in Eldridge was readied for the nuns to move in on November 24, 1975, the 64th anniversary of the establishment of the Carmel in the Davenport Diocese. The large bell from the old monastery was placed in a new bell tower on the Carmel property. The new facility allowed for expansion and that has happened twice. A new chapel, named Holy Trinity, and more living and work space was added in the 1980s. In the 1990s an addition was made for more living space for the community.</p><br>
<p>Numbers in the community could not be sustained, however, and by 2015 the nuns knew they had to make a change. They began the process of looking for a new home in 2019, and determined they no longer wanted to be property owners. Through their relationship with the Sisters of St. Francis of Clinton the two communities determined that they could work out a sharing relationship with the Carmelites moving to the Franciscan motherhouse, the Canticle. On September 28, 2020, the Carmelites moved to Clinton, Iowa and put their property near Eldridge up for sale.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Arthur Ebeling used the Baltimore Carmel as his inspiration, and he used a blend of architectural styles in his design. The two-story arcade on the south elevation reflects the colonnades found in Italian Romanesque architecture. The cupola and dome are also influenced by the Romanesque, as well as Muslim designs. He utilized the Mission style in the stepped and slopping parapet. As mentioned earlier, the chapel is Gothic Revival. The architectural significance of the building is derived from Ebeling&#39;s ability to blend the various Mediterranean architectural motifs with modern and utilitarian American construction features.</p><br>
<p>The structure itself is a double cruciform building of gold mottled brick trimmed with Bedford limestone. The small dome topped with a cross is located in the middle of the center wing of the monastery. The chapels size was used by Ebeling to determine the proportions of the building, which allowed it to be seamlessly included in the larger structure. Also, the rose window located above the altar is mirrored by the round clock face on the monasterys east wing. A 10 ft cloister wall forms the southern boundary of the property. On it are the Stations of the Cross. The garden within the wall at one time had statuary and a fountain of St. Elias (non-extant).</p><br>
<p>Each of the succeeding owners of the building made numerous interior modifications that fit their need for the building. The Unity Church removed the grill work in the chapel. The Franciscans removed some walls and built others, and they added modern elements such as carpeting and a swimming pool. Some of these changes were reversed in the 1992 conversion of the building into a hotel, but most were not. During that renovation, walls were removed between some of the cells that were used by the nuns so larger hotel rooms could be created.</p><br>
<p>West Union Presbyterian Church is a historic congregation of the Presbyterian Church  in the village of West Union on the southern edge of Ohio. Formed at the turn of the nineteenth century, it worships in an early nineteenth-century building constructed by a future governor of Kentucky, and it counted among its earliest members a governor of Ohio. The building has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<p>In the first years after the congregation&#39;s 1800 organization, the members worshipped along Eagle Creek outside West Union, but they began working to move into West Union in 1809. From the beginning of its history, the congregation suffered from dissension and apostasy: some of the members, including their pastor John Dunlevy, defected to the Shakers in 1805, and Presbyterian minister William Williamson from nearby far northern Lewis County, Kentucky was left to lead the remaining members. These individuals feuded among themselves, many leaving to join an Associate Reformed Presbyterian congregation at Cherry Fork, which had been organized circa 1803. Nevertheless, the remnant resolved to build a new church building in the village of West Union, and under the leadership of elders Joseph Darlinton and Thomas Kirker, a subscription list was signed in 1809.</p><br>
<p>As the congregation became more solidly established, it was served by a succession of ministers who used their positions to oppose slavery prominently; William Williamson and his initial successors Dyer Burgess and John Van Dyke advocated abolitionist positions, Throughout this period, and continuing until his 1837 death, Thomas Kirker was among the leading lights both within the congregation and in the surrounding community: he owned the land on Eagle Creek where the congregation first worshipped, he served as an elder from 1808 until his lifes end, and he held a succession of political offices — delegate to the first constitutional convention in 1802, as the Northwest Territory prepared for statehood, state representative for Adams County in 1803, state senator from 1803 until 1815, and governor of Ohio (ex officio as the Speaker of the Senate) from 1807 until 1808. His activity in the congregation, together with the responsibility of Thomas Metcalfe for the buildings construction, later led the church to be nicknamed the "Church of the Governors".</p><br>
<p>Membership in 2013 was seventy-two, having fallen by more than sixty over the previous ten years, and that year&#39;s average worship attendance of twenty-nine represented a decline of more than fifty percent since 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Built of stone, the church features a simple front gable design with the entrance at the center of the facade, under a small frame shelter. Most windows are placed on the side, under the asbestos-covered roof. A small bell tower sits atop the roof, placed near the front of the building. While the original stone building remains largely intact, a frame addition was attached to the building&#39;s rear in 1941.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the West Union Presbyterian Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its connection to Metcalfe. It is one of three Register-listed buildings in West Union, along with the Cockerill House and the Tet Woods Building, and one of several Metcalfe-built structures with the same designation.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church of the Diocese of Toledo on the Allen County side of Delphos, Ohio, United States. Designed by S.W. Lane, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Parish history</h2><br>
<p>St. Johns Parish was established in 1842 by German Catholic settlers who had immigrated from Osnabrück. Although the church was afflicted by a cholera epidemic in 1854, it grew to the point that it was split into two parishes, with the members in Landeck being erected into a separate parish. Land was donated for the construction of the present church building by Frederick Bredeick; construction began in 1879 and concluded in the following year. As the village of Delphos grew with the Miami and Erie Canal, the parishs prosperity likewise increased; like St. Michaels Catholic Church in Shelby County to the south, the churchs architecture demonstrates the wealth that came from the commerce along the canal.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Leading features of the churchs interior include a prominent rib vault, two rows of columns in the nave that are topped with Corinthian capitals, and an altar built to resemble that of Romes Basilica di San Clemente. Architectural experts have deemed the interior unmatched in western Ohio.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>Outside, the churchs exterior is also striking. Although many large Catholic churches are located in western Ohio, they are more typically built in the Gothic Revival style – several counties in far western Ohio have been nicknamed the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches" because of the dominance of Gothic Revival churches in the region – and such a large Romanesque Revival church is unique. It fills an entire city block, and its tower is by far the most prominent part of the communitys skyline; accordingly, it has been likened to a cathedral.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, St. John&#39;s Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its architectural significance. It is the only church on the National Register in Allen County, and one of three buildings in Delphos so to be recognized.</p><br>
<p>Mother of Sorrows Catholic Church is a historic Catholic church at 1500 W. 6th Street in Ashtabula, Ohio, United States. It was built in the 1890s for a newly established parish and has gained both local and federal designation as a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The Mass was first celebrated in Ashtabula Harbor in 1878, during the summer only in the early years; the first place of worship was a grocery store. Out of this gathering, a parish was established in 1890 and dedicated to St. Mary under her title of "Mother of Sorrows". Constructed in 1898 in the Romanesque Revival style of architecture, the church was designed by William P. Ginther, an Akron-based architect who specialized in ecclesiastical architecture. Both the foundation and the walls are sandstone, the roof is asphalt, and glass forms a significant part of the exterior. The church occupies a corner lot, and large gables with massive windows face both streets. A square tower with battlements is placed at the corner facing the intersection; the main entrance is set in the tower&#39;s base, and a belfry occupies the top third of the tower.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, Mother of Sorrows was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. In 1978, the city of Ashtabula created the Harbor Historical District, which since a 2010 boundary adjustment has embraced Mother of Sorrows Church and much of the rest of the Ashtabula Harbor neighborhood. Along with the other National Register properties in the district, Mother of Sorrows is protected by city ordinance from significant modifications. Administratively, Mother of Sorrows is overseen by the city&#39;s Our Lady of Peace Parish. It no longer uses Mother of Sorrows properties such as its former rectory, school and some parking lots. In 2014, it applied to the city to change zoning on nine plots for potential redevelopment for retail and multi-family residential use. Some residents opposed rezoning, saying it would adversely affect work to stabilize the neighborhood. There was agreement to leave at least some parking to support community use of the church. In early 2017 Pastor of Our Lady of Peace Parish, Rev. Ray Thomas made the announcement that Bishop George Murry of the Diocese of Youngstown ordered the parish to close two of the three churches. Currently no churches have been named but many fear Mother of Sorrows and St. Joseph Churches will close. This would leave Our Lady of Mt. Carmel to serve the community of Ashtabula as the only Catholic Church.</p><br>
<p>Windsor Mills Christ Church Episcopal is a historic former church building in Windsor Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1830s, it features a distinctive combination of two different architectural styles, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Windsor Townships first Protestant Episcopal society was established in 1816, and pioneer settler Solomon Griswold donated the resources to build its first building north of Windsor Center. It served the parish for a comparatively short time, and the present structure replaced it in 1832, although at a different location west of Windsor Center. At the time, the Greek Revival style was in vogue, but when this style fell out of favor and the Gothic Revival replaced it in the popular imagination, Christ Church was updated accordingly. More architectural work was performed in 1961, as extensive interior renovations were performed with such success that the project was recognized by the American Institute of Architects. Since that time, it has ceased to be a church, with a museum becoming the buildings new occupant.</p><br>
<p>The former Christ Church is a weatherboarded structure combining the influences of the Greek and Gothic Revival styles. Tall pointed windows are placed around the rectangular building, with a central main entrance on the facade. The roof rises to a gable at each end, and a tower with a pinnacle on each corner sits atop the roof near the front.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its general importance in local history. It is one of four National Register-listed locations in Windsor, along with the Wiswell Road Covered Bridge, the Windsor Mills Fort and Village Site (a prehistoric archaeological site), and the town center at Windsor Center.</p><br>
<p>The church is now operated seasonally as the Windsor Historical Society Museum.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Egypt, Ohio, United States. Built in 1887, this church is home to a small Catholic parish, and it has been declared a historic site because of its well-preserved Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The original settlers of far southern Auglaize County were overwhelmingly Catholic. At this period, prior to 1850, the region was part of the Great Black Swamp; consequently, travel was extremely difficult. An unsubstantiated claim by a former preacher of St. Josephs Catholic Church suggests that Egypt was named by German immigrants in the early-1830s after a settler described the swampy area back then as being “made by a dab of mud that fell from the wheelbarrow of God.” However, the town name is actually derived from the hometown of the mother of a couple of the earliest pioneers in the area. John Henry Osterloh immigrated from a town called Halter in Lower Saxony, Germany. He purchased a farm in what would later become Egypt in 1829 – 1830. His mother was from Aegypten in Lower Saxony, Germany. John Henry Osterloh died from a typhus epidemic in 1833.</p><br>
<p>One of his brothers, John Albert Osterloh (1814 – 1901) arrived in 1834 at the age of 20, took over possession of John Henry&#39;s farm, & continued purchasing more land surrounding it. The residents got tired of traveling nearly 4 miles to the town of Minster to get to church, so they petitioned to get one in Egypt in 1852 & St. Josephs Catholic Church was subsequently built. John Albert Osterloh donated land for the church & adjoining cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Egypts first settlers were members of St. Augustines Church in Minster, Because of the swampy character of the land, wheeled transit was nearly impossible; the men of the community could only travel to St. Augustines on horseback, and the women and children were almost never able to worship at all. At the same time, the membership of St. Augustines was growing to the point that its facilities were severely strained. Therefore, a movement arose for the creation of a separate parish in Egypt, and in 1852, three men were sent to petition Archbishop Purcell for a separate church. The archbishop granted permission for the erection of the parish in that year; it was dedicated to St. Joseph, and subscriptions soon raised $800 for the construction of a church.</p><br>
<p>Once the members had agreed on the basic architectural elements of their church, they summoned multiple contractors for the bidding process. Each of the contractors independently named $800 as the cost of erecting the new church; consequently, parishioner Henry Rolfes was placed in charge after he named his price at just $300 and the cost of some materials. Even after the cost of all materials was deducted, enough money remained to pay a priest for the first year. Originally, the parish had no priest of its own; Mass was typically celebrated by priests from St. Johns in Maria Stein or St. Augustines in Minster. After four years, a rectory and a female convent were built near the church, and the parish obtained a resident pastor for the first time. Since its earliest years, St. Joseph&#39;s Church has been served by the Society of the Precious Blood.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>By the late 1880s, the original church building had become insufficient for the parish&#39;s needs. Under the leadership of their elderly priest, John van den Brock, the parish erected a new church in 1887 at a cost of $5,000,</p><br>
<p>Goehr&#39;s design remained little changed until 1927, when the church was modified by the addition of a tower and a sacristy. Although the sacristy remains in place, the tower was further modified in the 1940s by the replacement of its spire with a small domed belfry.</p><br>
<h2>Related buildings</h2><br>
<p>Located immediately to the north of the church is a rectory. After the male and female members of the Missionaries of the Precious Blood became two separate organizations, the male organization donated all of its Egypt properties to the female organization, leaving St. Joseph&#39;s Church without a rectory. When a replacement rectory was completed in 1912, it had cost $6,000 plus extensive labor on the part of the parishioners.</p><br>
<p>Immediately to the north of the rectory is a parish cemetery, and slightly farther to the north is a former parish school. Located along the road between Minster and Maria Stein, more than two miles to the northwest, is part of the abandoned 1856 convent. Once three stories high, it has been reduced to one story, and its brick walls have been covered with modern siding.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1977, St. Josephs Church and its rectory were recorded by the Ohio Historic Inventory, a historic preservation program of the Ohio Historical Society. Both buildings were found to be in good condition, but both were seen as endangered by the weak state of the parish that owned them. St. Josephs Church was one of the smallest parishes in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati, and priest shortages in the American Catholic Church meant that small parishes such as St. Josephs were not likely to be able to have their own pastors; consequently, it was believed that the church would close by 1982. It is clustered with St. Augustines Church in Minster and served by the same priest, and the cluster is part of the St. Marys Deanery.</p><br>
<p>Although it was seen as doomed to closure, St. Josephs Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 because of its well-preserved historic architecture; the rectory was also included in the nomination. These buildings were part of a collection of nearly thirty churches and various other church-related buildings, designated the "Cross-Tipped Churches Thematic Resources," Architectural historians have divided these churches into four generations; St. Josephs is a member of the second generation, which are generally simple rectangular brick buildings without tall spires. Many churches from this generation, such as St. Josephs and St. Anthonys in Padua, were later expanded by the addition of a single tower at the front of the building, due to the prevalence of such towers at the construction of newer churches. Few churches from before this period survive; only St. Johns in Fryburg to the northwest and St. Augustines in Minster remain churches, and St. Augustine&#39;s has been greatly modified by the addition of twin towers. Because most churches in this region are tall Gothic Revival structures with large towers, the region has become known as the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church of Wapakoneta is a historic former church building in downtown Wapakoneta, Ohio, United States. A small brick building located along Main Street west of the Auglaize County Courthouse, it is the oldest Protestant church building in Auglaize County and the oldest church building of any faith in the city of Wapakoneta. It is historically significant as west-central Ohio&#39;s only example of Greek Revival architecture with distyle in antis construction, in which two columns are located in the opening between pilasters.</p><br>
<p>Organized in 1860, the congregation included many of Auglaize Countys leading citizens. Unlike the majority German population of the county, the Presbyterians were primarily immigrants from East Coast states such as Virginia and New York. The congregation was greatly reduced by a financial scandal in the 1920s; reduced to a handful of members, it was disorganized in 1930 and its property sold. After it passed into the possession of the Wapakoneta Womens Club in that year, it served as the clubhouse until 1997, when it was purchased by the Auglaize County Historical Society. Since that time, the church has been converted into the Wapakoneta Museum by the society.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Key to this honor was its unusual architecture and its connection to the leading members of Auglaize County society during the congregation&#39;s heyday.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Wapakoneta, Ohio, United States. Built in 1910, this church is home to an active Catholic parish, and it has been declared a historic site because of its well-preserved Romanesque Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Early parish history</h2><br>
<p>One of the first two Catholic priests in northern Ohio was John William Horstmann, a native of Osnabrück who had settled in the village of Glandorf to the north. Starting in 1832, he made monthly journeys of 50 mi to Stallotown to the south. As Wapakoneta lies midway between these communities, he often visited with and celebrated Mass for its few Catholic families. After four years of these travels, he established a parish at Petersburg,</p><br>
<p>By 1839, the Catholic community in Wapakoneta had grown to the point that it could be created a separate parish, and the members built a small frame church on the southeastern corner of the intersection of Pearl and Blackhoof Streets near the city&#39;s downtown. Although no resident pastor served the parish in its earliest years, membership grew during the 1840s and 1850s, and a priest was first assigned to the church in 1857. The expenses of maintaining even a small church caused the parish to be deep in debt during its earliest years, but it prospered greatly under the pastorate of Joseph Gregory Dwenger, later Bishop of Fort Wayne.</p><br>
<h2>Church building</h2><br>
<p>By the late 1850s, the parish&#39;s membership had grown significantly, and the original church had become too small; the church includes architectural features such as two towers and a large rose window at the front, underneath which worshippers may enter the building through several large arched doors.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historians have divided the Precious Blood-related churches of western Ohio into multiple generations. Only a few buildings remain from the first generation, which consisted primarily of small wooden churches, and only St. Johns Church in Fryburg remains essentially unchanged. Replacing these wooden buildings were the churches of the second generation, which were generally small brick buildings without tall spires. The churches of the third generation are mostly High Gothic Revival structures with tall towers, but the final generation of churches includes a wide range of styles. As a Romanesque Revival church built in 1910, St. Josephs is one of the newest churches in the region, and it plainly is a part of the final generation.</p><br>
<h2>Related buildings</h2><br>
<h3>School</h3><br>
<p>In 1853, the church purchased a frame building adjacent to its property and quickly opened a parish elementary school inside. After sixteen years, a larger structure was desired, and a larger brick building was erected immediately to the east of the church at a cost of $4,000. Continued growth necessitated its replacement by a newer building in 1899; this structure is still standing. With features such as towers and turrets, St. Joseph&#39;s School is one of the most architecturally-prominent Catholic schools in the region, along with schools in Minster, St. Henry, and Chickasaw.</p><br>
<p>As the parish continued to expand, a high school was opened in 1919; its classes met in the elementary school building until a new building was completed in 1961. However, financial issues caused the high school&#39;s closure in 1974; the elementary students were then transferred to the former high school, and the original elementary school was then leased to the Wapakoneta City School District.</p><br>
<h3>Rectory</h3><br>
<p>As well as completing its school in 1899, the parish also built a rectory in the same year. Expanded in 1922, the rectory was later converted into a convent.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<h3>Current condition</h3><br>
<p>Today, St. Joseph&#39;s Church is an active parish of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is clustered with St. John parish in Fryburg, and the entire cluster is part of the St. Marys Deanery.</p><br>
<h3>Recognition</h3><br>
<p>In 1979, St. Josephs Church and School were listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of their place in Ohios history and because of their well-preserved historic architecture. They were among more than thirty different properties included in the "Cross-Tipped Churches of Ohio Thematic Resources," a multiple property submission of architecturally-important churches and church-related buildings in western Ohio related to the Congregation of the Precious Blood. These churches, primarily Gothic Revival structures with massive towers, have become the namesake of this heavily Catholic region, which is commonly known as the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
<p>Pisgah Christian Church is a historic Church of Christ house of worship located outside of Ripley in rural Brown County, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1850s for a quarter-century-old congregation, it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<p>The earliest settlers in the vicinity of Pisgah Ridge arrived during the territorial days, shortly before 1800. In 1810, the first Church of Christ in Brown County was founded along Eagle Creek, and the group that became Pisgah Christian Church was founded in 1824; it was one of five in the county founded between 1818 and 1826. and he participated in the establishment of another Church of Christ in the nearby village of Ripley in the 1840s. A native of Rensselaer County, New York, ten-year-old Gardner had moved with his family to present-day Brown County in 1800. He became a Church of Christ preacher in 1812 and was ordained in 1818, and almost immediately began starting churches in southwestern Ohio. At the close of his life, he claimed to have begun twenty-two congregations and estimated that his preaching had seen more than six thousand conversions.</p><br>
<p>Pisgah is a brick building with a foundation of limestone, a tin roof, and additional elements of wood and stone. An arched main entrance is the only opening in the gable-front facade, while four rectangular windows are placed in the single-story side. A small belfry sits atop the roof above the main entrance, while a partial pediment creates the gable. Trees are scattered around the church property. The overall structure is typical of vernacular buildings of the period, including the slight influence of adapted Greek Revival elements such as the pediment. Pisgah&#39;s first building was a log structure on the same property as the present building, and the present building was erected in 1854. Despite the passage of more than a century and a half, it has experienced almost no changes; no other nineteenth-century church in Brown County retains a comparable degree of integrity. Modernizations such as the installation of plumbing and electricity have never been performed at Pisgah, and the immediate environment remains in use as a quiet rural farming area.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, Pisgah Christian Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of five Union Township locations on the Register, along with the Burgett House and Barn on White Road, the Henry Martin Farm and the Stonehurst (Ripley, Ohio) farmstead on USA Route 68, and Red Oak Presbyterian Church on Cemetery Road.</p><br>
<p>Red Oak Presbyterian Church is a historic church on Cemetery Road in Ripley, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The church was founded in 1798 and was the first church in Brown County. Its building, constructed in 1817, is a one-story vernacular stone building associated with southern Ohio abolitionist Reverend James Gilliland.</p><br>
<p>Gilliland, along with Ripley reverend John Rankin and West Union reverend Dyer Burgess, is claimed to have assisted hundreds of escaped slaves, and also preached and held rallies about abolition.</p><br>
<p>The church is listed on the American Presbyterian/Reformed Historic Sites Registry.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The John Herrington House and Herrington Bethel Church are a pair of historic buildings located near Mechanicstown in Carroll County, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1840s, they bear the name of a prominent local Methodist minister, and they have together been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania native John Herrington migrated west to eastern Ohio following the American Revolution, in which he served as a drummer boy. Upon settling in present-day Carroll County, he began farming and preaching Methodism among the pioneer settlers, and he became one of the areas preëminent early religious leaders. Herringtons home served as the house of worship for his congregation until the church building was constructed in 1843, three years after a new house was built for him.</p><br>
<p>Constructed of sandstone, the church was seemingly built under the direction of a local black craftsman, Frank Dunmore, who may also have been responsible for Herringtons house. The church is a simple gable-front design with one door on either side of the facade, while four windows pierce the sides, and a small cupola sits atop the roofline just behind the peak of the gable. Behind the church sits the congregations graveyard, while a woodlot lies beyond the graveyard.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the church and Herringtons house were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places. Religious properties are ordinarily not eligible for addition to the Register, but the Herrington complex was included because of its profound significance in local history. Few other extant properties are so closely connected to the settlement of Carroll County and the development of its religious institutions (particularly because of Herringtons dual rôle as a farmer and a preacher), and the well-preserved stonework of the two buildings represents an incomparable example of pre-Civil War stone vernacular construction in the area.</p><br>
<p>Kilgore Union Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church building in Kilgore, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The one story brick church building has a stone foundation and gable front. The entry is a gothic arch with paired narrow two panel doors. An oculus occupies the peak of the gable wall above the door. The sides of the building each have four gothic arched art windows spaced evenly. These windows have stone lug sills. The standing seam metal roof is set off by a narrow cornice with diminutive returns. Original pews, window surrounds and decorative stencilling on the plaster walls are found in the interior.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in 1828 and repaired in 1881 after storm damage. The arches were added to the window openings, the metal roof was added as was a steeple tower. The steeple was removed in the late 1940s when the church had closed due to declining membership. Despite fifty years of disuse the building retained its architectural and historic integrity when the property was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 15, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Our Saviour is a historic Episcopal parish in the village of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, United States. Founded in the 1890s, it is one of the youngest congregations in the village, but its Gothic Revival-style church building that was constructed soon after the parish&#39;s creation has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<p>The first settlers in Goshen Township arrived circa 1805, and Mechanicsburg was platted on 6 August 1814. Organized religion was rare in the earliest years; the first churches were established by circuit-riding preachers from the Methodist Episcopal Church, who founded small religious classes that met in settlers log cabins. Mechanicsburgs first church was a Methodist congregation organized in 1814, and by the 1880s the village boasted four additional churches: Baptist, black Baptist, African Methodist Episcopal, and Methodist Protestant.</p><br>
<p>Champaign Countys first Protestant Episcopal church was the Church of the Epiphany on the eastern side of the county seat of Urbana; it was created in 1847, nearly fifty years before a parish was formed in Mechanicsburg. Under the leadership of a five-man executive committee, the Church of Our Saviour was organized in 1892; the parish saw its first church building completed in the following year, The first priest was F.V. Baer, and by the end of the 1890s, the members had bought an additional lot and were preparing to build a new rectory upon it. Although the early members remained loyal to their church, it was frequently weakened by deaths and movement away from the community in its early years. Nevertheless, the parish remained active, and its presence was welcomed by Mechanicsburgs other churches; within its first quarter-century of existence, the members formed an active Sunday school and founded multiple organizations for the female members.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1893, Architecturally, it is not unique; three of Mechanicsburg&#39;s five historic church buildings were constructed in the 1890s, and four of the five are brick buildings with stained-glass ogive windows.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>The Church of Our Saviour was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It was part of a multiple property submission of approximately twenty buildings, scattered throughout the village in such a low concentration that a historic district designation was not practical. While many of the other buildings were houses, four were the villages other historic churches: the Mechanicsburg Baptist Church, St. Michaels Catholic Church, the Second Baptist Church, and the United Methodist Church. Like all four of the others, the Church of Our Saviour qualified for inclusion on the Register because of its historically significant architecture.</p><br>
<p>A member parish of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, the Church of Our Saviour is within the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Southern Ohio. It forms a part of the Northwest Deanery, along with the Church of the Epiphany and four other parishes. Together with the Church of the Epiphany, it forms the "Northern Miami Valley Episcopal Cluster&quot the two parishes share a priest.</p><br>
<p>The Mechanicsburg Baptist Church is a historic church in the village of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, United States. Constructed for a Methodist congregation in the late nineteenth century, the building was taken over by Baptists after the original occupants vacated it, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<h3>Methodist Protestant</h3><br>
<p>The first settlers in Goshen Township arrived circa 1805, and Mechanicsburg was platted on 6 August 1814. Organized religion was rare in the earliest years; the first churches were established by circuit-riding preachers from the Methodist Episcopal Church, who founded small religious classes that met in settlers log cabins. Mechanicsburgs first church was a Methodist congregation organized in 1814, and by the 1880s the village boasted four additional churches: Baptist, black Baptist, African Methodist Episcopal, and Methodist Protestant.</p><br>
<p>Mechanicsburgs Methodist Protestant church was organized on February 13, 1853, following a directive by the denominations Ohio Conference from the previous September. Under the initial leadership of S.P. Kezerta, the fledgling church had a charter membership of ninety-two individuals.</p><br>
<h3>Baptist</h3><br>
<p>Baptists settled in Champaign County very early in its history; many of the countys leading citizens followed the faith, and Kingscreek Baptist Church in Salem Township, founded in 1805, was the third Baptist church to be established anywhere in the state. In the countys early years, all of its numerous Baptist churches were found in the countryside, so in 1840 the Ohio Baptist Convention began to make efforts to plant churches in the villages. One such society arose in Mechanicsburg in the same year; known as Goshen Baptist Church for its first seven years, the church constructed its first church building on Locust Street in 1846. Resources were scarce in the early years, and the resulting building was small, but subsequent growth saw the membership rise to 106 by 1864. From this time forward, the congregation again declined; soon after the death of a prominent member in 1872, the building was sold with the goal of building a better one, but a better one was not built, and membership dropped to 38 by 1883. Most of the members left to form another Baptist church in that year, and the five remaining members deeded the congregation&#39;s property to the Ohio Baptist Convention when the congregation closed. The current occupants of the property are unrelated to the previous Baptist churches.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Mechanicsburg Baptist Church is a brick building resting on a stone foundation and covered with a slate roof. Built in the Gothic Revival style, this single-story building possesses architectural features such as decorative elements on the gabled roof, corbelled brickwork, a tower with belfry on the primary corner, and stained-glass windows trimmed with stone. Inside, the church is divided into multiple Sunday school classrooms, a kitchen and dining area, a basement, and a side chapel, in addition to the sanctuary; when completed, the church was equipped with a grand pipe organ and piano and could seat approximately one thousand worshippers, even though the entire population of the village was only twice that number. A prominent component of the interior is a large white marble tablet inscribed with numerous names; many early members of the Methodist Protestant congregation gave substantial sums of money to the church, and their names were remembered by placement on this large stone.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In 1985, the Mechanicsburg Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. Four other Mechanicsburg churches — St. Michael&#39;s Catholic Church, Second Baptist Church, the Episcopal Church of Our Saviour, and the United Methodist Church — were listed on the National Register at the same time.</p><br>
<p>The Tannler–Armstrong House is a historic residence in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is a well-preserved and locally distinct example of the English Cottage style. Built in 1924, it was designed during a period when the style was very popular for new homes in Northeast Portland. Between 1920 and 1935, over fifty homes were built in this style in the Northeast quadrant. The house exhibits many of the defining characteristics of the English Cottage style, including rolled eaves to imitate a thatched roof, eyebrow dormers, intersecting roof lines, stucco walls, narrow, paired windows, and arched doorways.</p><br>
<p>The house was entered on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The W. C. Baker House is an airplane bungalow located at 301 E. Commerce in the city of Altus, Oklahoma. The house was built in 1917 for the sister of William Clarence Baker; however, Baker bought the house shortly afterward. Baker owned a local machine shop and cotton gin, and he served on Altus original city council. The house has a typical airplane bungalow plan with a small second story above a low, multi-component first-floor roof, a design reminiscent of an airplanes cockpit. The house&#39;s design also includes many characteristic features of the Craftsman style, including overhanging eaves and exposed rafter tails. The porch features battered columns supporting its roof and decorative stickwork in its gable, both of which are typical Craftsman elements.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 16, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Jischke&#39;s Meat Market is a historic building located at 414 Maple Dr. in Sister Bay, Wisconsin. Built in 1902, the building was originally a butcher shop run by Frank Jischke and his son M. J. The Jischkes were German immigrants who settled in Door County in 1892; they originally lived in Ephraim and later moved to Sister Bay. In addition to his work at the butcher shop, M. J. Jischke was a prominent citizen in Sister Bay who served as constable and postmaster.</p><br>
<p>The store is currently occupied by a bed and breakfast called Roots Inn and Kitchen. The inn uses the market as a gift shop and common area and has rooms in the Jischke&#39;s second floor living space.</p><br>
<p>The store was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 11, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Iowa State Fairgrounds is located on the east side of Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It annually hosts the Iowa State Fair in late summer. The state fair was begun in Iowa in 1854 and the current fairgrounds were established in 1886. The fairgrounds were listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 as the Iowa State Fair and Exposition Grounds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Iowa State Fair was held in a different community every two years after it was first established. The first fair was held in Fairfield in 1854. The other towns that hosted the fair included Muscatine, Oskaloosa, Iowa City, Dubuque, Burlington, Clinton, Keokuk and Cedar Rapids. The state fair moved to Des Moines permanently in 1878. The fairgrounds were initially located on the west side of the city between East 38th Street on the east, East 42nd Street on the west, Center Street on the north and Grand Avenue on the south. In 1886 the fairgrounds were moved to the east side of town on University Avenue. The property had previously been the Calvin Thornton Farmstead. with</p><br>
<p>Document erroneously mentions Charles Thornton many times, and only one time mentions Calvin Thornton (p. 17), which is accurate. The original house and barn are still on the fairground&#39;s property. Other structures from the farm survived into the late 1940s when they were torn down.</p><br>
<p>In 1886 the Iowa Legislature and the city of Des Moines appropriated funds and the first buildings were built. They were frame buildings that used boards and battens as exterior wall covering. They were mostly single-story structures that were built quickly and under a tight budget. Because they were poorly built they were constantly in need of repair. However, the buildings lasted into the early 20th century when they began to be replaced or expanded. Pioneer Hall remains from this period. The streets within the fairgrounds followed the same basic pattern as they do today, although they were unpaved and without curbing or gutters in the early years. A street lighting system was put in about 1890 when oil lamps were added. The following year 500 electric lights were installed on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The new buildings built in the early 20th-century were steel frame structures covered in red brick. They included a new Livestock Pavilion that was built in 1902, Agriculture Building (1904), Administration Building (1908). A new race track and grandstand were built in 1909 and the Varied Industries Building was built in 1911. Some of the frame buildings from 1886 were moved to a different location and continued to be used. A sewer system was added at this time. The streets remained unpaved, but curbing had been added. They were also oiled to control the dust and cinders were spread to improve their durability. A park triangle had been established at the intersection of Grand and Rock Island Avenues by 1920.</p><br>
<p>By 1942 when the United States Army leased the fairgrounds for a storage depot for the Air Corps there were only minimal changes to the fairgrounds. The livestock buildings had been enlarged. Running water had been installed, bath and shower houses had been built at the campgrounds and restrooms were placed throughout the fairgrounds. Street pavement began in the 1930s and both brick and concrete sidewalks were added. Storm sewers were a Works Progress Administration project in 1936.</p><br>
<p>Since the end of World War II most of the buildings have been pole barn structures, although the exteriors, for the most part, are still covered in brick. Older buildings from around Iowa have been added to the fairgrounds in the 1960s and 1970s and are known as Heritage Village. Some of the buildings in the village are also those built on the fairgrounds in 1886.</p><br>
<h2>Fairgrounds today</h2><br>
<p>The fairgrounds are composed of 435 acre, of which 275 acre are devoted to the fair proper and about 160 acre are campground. The grounds are organized with activities grouped into departmental areas. The livestock departments such as cattle, horses, sheep and poultry are on the south; historically there was a railcar unloading area south of the barns, but this has since been decommissioned and cut back to serve a nearby animal feed company. The plant departments, which includes cash crops, fruits and floral are located in the center. The amusement area with the midway and race track/grandstand is in the northeast section of the fairgrounds. The machinery department is in the west and the campgrounds are in the east. There is also a street plan based on a T-shaped road arrangement. The east/west artery is Grand Avenue, also called the Grand Concourse, and the north/south artery is Rock Island Avenue. The eastern portion of the fairgrounds is hilly while the western portion is flat.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the annual state fair the fairgrounds also hosts auto shows, livestock exhibitions, flea markets, antique shows, concerts, trade shows and other events.</p><br>
<h3>Barns</h3><br>
<p>The fairgrounds have a Horse Barn, Swine Barn, Sheep Barn, Poultry Barn, Cattle Barn and the Paul R. Knapp Animal Learning Center.</p><br>
<h3>Varied Industries Building</h3><br>
<p>The Varied Industries Building was originally built in 1911 as the Machinery Hall. It was renamed to the Varied Industries Building in the 1930s. It was fully renovated in 2001, and named the William C. Knapp Varied Industries Building. During the fair, it displays new products and designs. The Iowa State Fair Fabric and Threads Department on the second story displays Iowa&#39;s quilts, rugs, and dolls, and hosts an annual Sew-In.</p><br>
<h3>Agriculture Building</h3><br>
<p>The Agriculture Building was originally built in 1904. The butter cow is located in this building during the fair.</p><br>
<h3>Heritage Village</h3><br>
<p>A Heritage Village section depicts Iowa life around the time of the Fair&#39;s establishment in 1854, including church hymn sings, a country school, general store, barber shop, telephone company and train depot.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Tabor Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church building located along State Route 245 near West Liberty in Salem Township, Champaign County, Ohio, United States. Built in 1881 in the Gothic Revival style of architecture, it served a congregation formed in the 1810s. This congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church worshipped in at least three different buildings before its closure.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<p>Methodism was established in Salem Township in 1814, and the congregation&#39;s first church building, a log structure, was constructed in 1816. Beginning in that year and continuing for several more years, significant camp meetings were held at the church. Among those who attended these meetings was Simon Kenton, who seems to have been present for a meeting in 1820. In attendance for an 1818 meeting was John W. Ogden, then a six-year-old boy; reminiscing sixty years later, he wrote:</p><br>
<h2>Architectural history</h2><br>
<p>Among the leading members of Mount Tabor church in its earliest years was the family of Nathaniel and Ann Hunter; natives of Greenbrier County, Virginia, they relocated to Salem Township in 1814. When the first church building was erected in 1816, Nathaniel and his four sons contributed greatly to the construction effort, and they were equally generous in the later construction of two successive brick structures at the site. Built in 1881, the final structure was a Gothic Revival church built primarily of brick on a stone foundation, topped with a slate roof, and ornamented with wooden elements. Like many other committed members of the church, this family — parents, all four sons, and all five daughters — is buried at the adjacent cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>From the Mount Tabor societys earliest years, members buried their dead near the site of the present church. The earliest recorded burial on the site of the churchs cemetery is that of a child who died in 1811; at that time, there were no plans to use the ground for religious purposes.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1995, the Mount Tabor Methodist Episcopal Church, its cemetery, and an associated hitching lot were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places, due primarily to their architectural significance. This designation is unusual, for both religious properties and cemeteries must pass higher standards than most other properties to be eligible for inclusion on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Second Baptist Church is a historic church building in the village of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the mid-19th century, it is the oldest church in the village, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Congregational history</h2><br>
<p>Mechanicsburg was platted in 1814, and the town grew rapidly in wealth and population. By 1840, the value of real property in the village had surpassed ten thousand dollars, and another forty years saw its value pass one-third of a million dollars. The population likewise grew from 99 in 1830 to 258 in 1840, 682 in 1850, and 1,522 in 1880. From its early years, Mechanicsburg was a multi-racial community; one black resident was recorded in the 1830, and after growing gradually to 53 by 1870, the black population jumped to 209 in 1880.</p><br>
<p>By the 1880s, Mechanicsburg&#39;s black population was large enough to support two separate churches: a Baptist congregation and a congregation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. only the Baptist congregation survives of the two; it uses the name "Second Baptist Church", as a white Baptist congregation had been founded in 1840. In 1917, the membership of the congregation and of its Sunday school were recorded as seventy and fifty respectively; in its first forty-five years, the congregation was served by fourteen pastors.</p><br>
<h2>Church building</h2><br>
<p>The first religious organization anywhere in Goshen Township was formed by Methodist missionaries. Although the Mechanicsburg Methodist Episcopal Churchs membership was small in the earliest years, it grew rapidly as a result of numerous revival meetings, which saw many people converted to Christianity under the preaching of men such as pioneer bishop Francis Asbury. Between 1814 and 1839, they occupied three small church buildings in Mechanicsburg, and growth prompted them to erect a larger brick structure in 1858; they chose a lot that had been used as the villages first cemetery until another cemetery was opened and the bodies were moved to the new location. As the membership approached four hundred by the late 1870s, a thorough renovation project was completed. Nevertheless, growth continued, and an even larger church building was constructed in 1904 several blocks north of the previous one. Accordingly, the congregation sold the old brick edifice to the Second Baptist Church for $2,850, which continued to improve the structure; in 1917, a local author stated that "It is nicely decorated on the interior and is fitted with electric lights." Historically, the church boasted a peaked belfry above its entrance. This structure was cut down in 1936 following a fire at the Culbertson Buggy Works, next door to the church, which was catastrophic enough that the tower was damaged. The church&#39;s original bell was removed as a result of the fire and placed in the village school, although in return the smaller school bell was given to the church.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick with elements of stone, this two-story building is Mechanicsburg&#39;s oldest standing church building.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The Second Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It was part of a multiple property submission of approximately twenty buildings, scattered throughout the village in such a low concentration that a historic district designation was not practical. While many of the other twenty Mechanicsburg buildings were houses, four were the villages other historic churches: the Mechanicsburg Baptist Church (formerly Methodist Protestant), St. Michaels Catholic Church, the Church of Our Saviour (Episcopalian), and the 1904-completed Methodist church building. Like all four of the others, the Second Baptist Church qualified for inclusion on the Register because of its historically significant architecture, and it also was deemed important because of the place that it had played in Ohio&#39;s history. Its historic status was further recognized in 2005, when the Ohio Historical Society placed a historical marker for the church along Main Street. The early twenty-first century also saw restoration work performed on the building by the Champaign County Preservation Alliance, which by that point owned the property.</p><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Catholic church in Mechanicsburg, a village in Champaign County, Ohio, United States. Completed in the 1880s, it served a group of Catholics who had already been meeting together for nearly thirty years. One of several historic churches in the village, it has been designated a historic site because of its well-preserved nineteenth-century architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<p>The first settlers in Goshen Township arrived circa 1805, and Mechanicsburg was platted on 6 August 1814. Organized religion was rare in the earliest years; the first churches were established by circuit-riding preachers from the Methodist Episcopal Church, who founded small religious classes that met in settlers log cabins. Mechanicsburgs first church was a Methodist congregation organized in 1814, and by the 1880s the village boasted four Protestant churches: Baptist, black Baptist, African Methodist Episcopal, and Methodist Protestant.</p><br>
<p>Champaign Countys earliest Catholics were Irish immigrants, who came to the county seat of Urbana in the 1840s and 1850s as railroad laborers. Viewed with suspicion by their neighbors both because of their nationality and their religion, they received the sacraments only occasionally from travelling priests before the establishment of St. Marys Church in 1853. Mechanicsburgs first Catholic families, who were also largely Irish, worshipped at St. Marys or in nearby Rosedale; occasional Masses were said in Mechanicsburg by travelling priests until the congregation was attached to Our Lady of Lourdes parish in Marysville in 1872.</p><br>
<p>Mass was first celebrated in Mechanicsburg in 1859, the parish was canonically erected in 1865, and it gained a more permanent organization in 1880. By the end of the 1880s, the parish had witnessed the completion of its church building on Walnut Street. In its earlier decades, the membership included many families who lived in the countryside surrounding Mechanicsburg, and the members&#39; devotion to their church prompted a local author to declare them "extremely faithful in attendance on its services". The parish obtained a rectory in October 1904; a woman who lived on Walnut Street died in that month, and her will included a provision donating her house for use as a rectory. By 1917, the membership consisted of 38 families comprising 135 individuals. The parish operated a Sunday school and multiple small groups for various activities, including a branch of the Society of the Holy Name.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Construction on St. Michael&#39;s Church began in 1885. After approximately $5,000 had been spent to complete it, the building was dedicated on Thanksgiving Day 1886 by William Henry Elder, the Archbishop of Cincinnati. Built of brick on a brick foundation and highlighted with stone elements, the church is a three-story building with a composite roof that rises in a gable. Numerous details produce a distinctive Gothic Revival appearance, including the ogive-arched windows and their stone hood molds and the arched bay surrounding the entrance and transom. When these elements combine with non-Gothic components such as the steeple and the brackets under the cornice, the result is an architectural landmark in a street otherwise filled with houses. Its style is comparable to that of several other Gothic Revival churches in Mechanicsburg that were built in the late nineteenth century, despite a remodelling project conducted in 1901.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>St. Michaels Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It was part of a multiple property submission of approximately twenty buildings, scattered throughout the village in such a low concentration that a historic district designation was not practical. While many of the other twenty Mechanicsburg buildings were houses, four were the villages other historic churches: the Mechanicsburg Baptist Church, the Church of Our Saviour (Episcopalian), the Second Baptist Church, and the United Methodist Church. Like all four of the others, St. Michael&#39;s Church qualified for inclusion on the Register because of its historically significant architecture.</p><br>
<p>Today, St. Michaels is an active parish of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. Along with Champaign Countys other Catholic churches — St. Mary&#39;s in Urbana, Sacred Heart in St. Paris, and Immaculate Conception in North Lewisburg — it is a part of the Springfield Deanery.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s African Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church in Urbana, Ohio, United States. Built in the Greek Revival style in 1876, it is home to a congregation that was founded in the mid-1820s.</p><br>
<h2>Congregational history</h2><br>
<p>Among Urbanas first black residents were a few individuals that had been members of African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) churches in the East. In 1824 or 1825, A.M.E. missionary Moses Freeman visited Urbana while travelling through the then-western part of the United States; here he met the former members of his denomination and officially organized them as a congregation. Eight individuals composed the charter membership. In the earliest years, members worshipped in each others homes, as finances were insufficient to build a house of worship.</p><br>
<p>Once the church was strong enough to erect a building, they built a small log structure. Growth soon caused this church to become too small for the number of worshippers; it was destroyed in 1844 and a larger brick church erected in its place by the members of the congregation. In turn, this church also became too small, and the members began to build a replacement in 1866.</p><br>
<p>Among the churchs leading ministers have been Jerry Thompson and Benjamin W. Arnett. Although illiterate, Thompson was a powerful preacher who was known for his fervent sermons; he pastored in the churchs earliest years. Arnett took charge of the congregation in 1876. As well as serving at St. Pauls, he ministered at A.M.E. churches in Cincinnati, Columbus, and Toledo, but he became most prominent in the years after his pastorate in Urbana. While a state representative from Greene County in 1886, he pioneered efforts to repeal Ohios black codes.</p><br>
<p>Today, St. Paul&#39;s continues as an active congregation of the A.M.E. Church.</p><br>
<h2>Church building</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the present church building was a long process: work began in 1866, but the structure was not completed until after Benjamin Arnett&#39;s 1876 installation as the pastor. This house of worship is primarily a masonry structure: its foundation is brick, and its walls are built of brick covered with stucco. It is covered with an asphalt roof that rises to a gable, and many windows of multiple panes illuminate the interior.</p><br>
<p>In 1997, St. Paul&#39;s Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both because of its contribution to local history and because of its historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>Mechanicsburg United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist congregation in the village of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, United States. Founded in the early nineteenth century, it is the oldest church in the village, and as such it has played a part in the histories of other Mechanicsburg churches. Its fifth and present church, a Gothic Revival-style structure erected in the 1890s, has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Organic history</h2><br>
<p>The first settlers in Goshen Township arrived circa 1805, and Mechanicsburg was platted on 6 August 1814. Organized religion was rare in the earliest years; the first churches were established by circuit-riding preachers from the Methodist Episcopal Church, who founded small religious classes that met in settlers log cabins. The Methodists formed Mechanicsburgs first church in 1814, and its members soon constructed a small log church building. In its early years, the church&#39;s membership benefited from successful camp meetings, each of which saw over a hundred people profess Christianity for the first time. The original church building was abandoned in 1819 when a much larger frame church was constructed a short distance to the east, and this building in turn was replaced in 1839 by a brick church building on the same site. This structure was abandoned after yet another one was erected in the village of Mechanicsburg in 1858.</p><br>
<p>A split weakened the Mechanicsburg church in 1853. The village had developed a reputation as a "black abolition hole" among those pursuing the many runaway slaves who passed through on the Underground Railroad, and slavery-related turmoil in the national church disturbed many of the village&#39;s Methodists. Seeing an opportunity for growth, the Ohio Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church sent a minister who gathered a number of abolitionist Methodist families into a new congregation of his denomination. By the 1880s, there were five Protestant churches in the village: the aforementioned Methodist congregations, and one each of the Baptist, the black Baptist, and the African Methodist Episcopal faiths. Their membership was recorded at 384 in 1917. At the merger of The Methodist Church with the Evangelical United Brethren in 1968, the denomination became known as the United Methodist Church.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The present church building is a brick Gothic Revival structure with a stone foundation. Two stories tall, it features decorative elements such as stained glass in all of the windows, stone trim around the entrance and the windows, a belfry atop a massive tower at the front, and a central dome. The sanctuary is located on the second story of the building, while the first story is divided into multiple Sunday school classrooms. Between labor, the lot, and materials, the congregation paid over $28,000 for construction. The resulting building is typical of the period; like the buildings that other Mechanicsburg churches built around the same time, it reflects the Gothic Revival style that was popular for ecclesiastical architecture during the late nineteenth century. As a result of their sizes and designs, the villages churches are the most prominent components of the built environment, and because of its location on Main Street, the Methodist Church becomes even more of a landmark than would otherwise be caused by its place as the largest of the villages churches.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>Mechanicsburg United Methodist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It was part of a multiple property submission of approximately twenty buildings, scattered throughout the village in such a low concentration that a historic district designation was not practical. While many of the other twenty Mechanicsburg buildings were houses, four were the villages other historic churches: the Mechanicsburg Baptist Church (formerly Methodist Protestant), St. Michaels Catholic Church, the Church of Our Saviour (Episcopalian), and Second Baptist Church. Like all four of the others, the United Methodist Church qualified for inclusion on the Register because of its historically significant architecture. Its historic status was further recognized in 2006, when the Ohio Historical Society placed a historical marker for the church along Main Street.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, Mechanicsburg United Methodist Church was a component of the Miami Valley District in the West Ohio Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church. In contrast to the hundreds of members in past generations, its average worship attendance by that time was just ninety-six.</p><br>
<p>The Green Plain Monthly Meetinghouse is a historic former Quaker house of worship near South Charleston in Clark County, Ohio, United States. Built in 1843,</p><br>
<p>Built of brick, the Green Plain Monthly Meetinghouse is a Greek Revival building; in line with the simple habits of its builders, the meetinghouse features few adornments. It has been virtually unchanged since its construction, still retaining original elements such as the structural separation between the mens side and the womens side of the interior.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the meetinghouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified because of its historically significant architecture: few so well-preserved and little-changed Quaker meetinghouses remain in this region of Ohio, so it permits a nearly unparalleled view of the lives of some early Ohioans. Included in the historic designation was the monthly meeting&#39;s cemetery, which has stones with death dates as far back as 1843.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Evangelical Lutheran Church is a historic Lutheran church in downtown Springfield, Ohio, United States. Founded as a German-speaking parish in Springfields early days, it grew rapidly during its first few decades, and its present large church building was constructed in the 1890s under the direction of one of Springfield&#39;s leading architects. The congregation remains in the landmark church building, which has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Springfields First Lutheran congregation was organized in May 1841, and a separate group of German Lutherans began meeting soon afterward. After a period of worshipping in the county courthouse and in various rented properties, the group was formally organized in 1845 with a charter membership of seventy-five. A number of short-tenured ministers served the congregation, with six in succession over forty years, but by the 1880s the congregations roll had approximately four hundred names, and its property was valued at $20,000. As the congregation continued to grow, the present church building was erected; the cornerstone was laid on November 3, 1895, and the finished building was consecrated on April 26, 1897. By 1908, the church property was valued at $50,000, and the membership had grown from four hundred individuals to four hundred and fifty families. This growth was accompanied by linguistic change: many members still worshipped in German, but English services had also begun by this time, facilitated by a minister who was fluent in both languages.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Charles A. Cregar, Although built primarily of brick, the walls also feature copious amounts of limestone and other types of stone. Asphalt is used for the roof, while the foundation is composed of a mix of sandstone and other types of stone. The main entrance is placed at the base of the tower, which features narrow arched windows on three stories below the tall louvering that shelters the belfry. Because the church sits on a street corner, two different sides of the building include massive gabled sections, each rising above groups of small windows. The building&#39;s two largest windows are found in these gables; both are far taller and broader than any door and any other window in the structure.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>St. Johns remains an active congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, conducting activities such as ministry to the poor, inter-church events, and day care service out of its 1897 church building. In 2006, the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of six Cregar-designed buildings listed on the Register, along with St. Josephs Catholic Church, the former Arcade Hotel, the former Municipal Building, the former Third Presbyterian Church, and St. Raphael&#39;s Catholic Church.</p><br>
<p>St. Josephs Church is a historic Catholic church in the city of Springfield, Ohio, United States. Established in the 1880s to serve southeastern Springfields growing Catholic population, it uses a tall Romanesque Revival church building, which was designed by a leading city architect; the building has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Early years</h2><br>
<p>As late as 1830, not a single Catholic was resident in Clark County, but twenty Catholic families moved to Springfield between 1835 and 1845, and by 1850 there were approximately seventy Catholic families in the city. In 1849, the Bishop of Cincinnati created Springfields first parish, Saint Raphael. By the 1880s, large numbers of Catholics were living on Springfields southeastern side, and preparations for a separate parish began with the purchase of three lots of land in 1881. A parish school building was begun in 1882, and the new Church of St. Joseph was created a separate parish in the same year. By late 1883, the school was open, and C.M. Berding was appointed the first parish priest on New Year&#39;s Day 1884. During his ministry, construction began on the present building in 1892; extensive debt was taken on, but the work of Berding and his two successors saw the building raised to architectural grandeur and the debt reduced to nearly nothing. By 1908, the parish comprised four hundred member families, and the school enrolled approximately four hundred and fifty children.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Josephs is a tall Gothic Revival structure crowned by a prominent spire atop its bell tower. Built of brick on an uncollected foundation, the building is decorated with elements of brick and stone. The facade is divided into three bays, with the middle protruding slightly from the side bays. Entrances are placed in each bay, with a large pointed-arch window above the central entrance and three smaller such windows above the side. Polygonal engaged columns are placed on the corners, rising to small pointed towers above the edge of the steep roof. Many of the buildings windows are filled with stained glass. Construction was financed by loans; between the borrowed money and interest on the loans, the parish spent $76,000 to build their church and school. The architect was Charles A. Cregar, one of the most prominent architects in Springfields history. By the time he was chosen for St. Josephs Church, Cregar had established himself as a Romanesque Revival architect, due to his designs for buildings such as the city hall; while St. Joseph&#39;s Church is generally a Romanesque Revival structure, due to elements such as apparent machicolations, the windows and the high steeple demonstrate Gothic Revival influences.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>St. Josephs remains an active part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati, but no longer as a separate parish: St. Raphaels and St. Josephs have been combined into a single parish. The church building itself has received wide recognition: it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in early 1982, due to its historically significant architecture. It is one of six Cregar-designed buildings listed on the Register, along with the former city hall, St. Johns Evangelical Church, the former Arcade Hotel, St. Raphael&#39;s Church, and the former Third Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>Third Presbyterian Church is a historic former Presbyterian church building in Springfield, Ohio, United States. A Romanesque Revival building completed in 1894 along Limestone Street on the city&#39;s northern side,</p><br>
<h2>Congregational history</h2><br>
<p>Springfields first Presbyterian church was organized on July 17, 1819, and its second in 1860. Together, the two churches operated a mission Sunday school on the citys northern side, starting in late 1878. As the years passed, the two churches began to gain members in the northern neighborhoods, and the Dayton Presbytery organized these members as Third Presbyterian Church on May 11, 1891. With over one hundred charter members, the congregation soon began planning to erect their own house of worship; under the leadership of the Russell Brothers firm, construction took place during the last quarter of 1893, and the new building was dedicated on January 28, 1894. The congregation&#39;s first minister was George H. Fullerton. During his pastorate and that of the succeeding minister, the congregation grew greatly; by 1908, the membership had increased to 346.</p><br>
<p>As the years passed, Third Presbyterian changed its name to Northminster Presbyterian Church. Since that time, the church has moved to Villa Road on the city&#39;s outskirts, and the building has passed into the ownership of the Church of God Sanctified. A congregation of Fellowship Christian Church began worshipping in the building in early 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>One of Springfields most significant churches and among the most distinctive of all of its public buildings, Distinguishing it from all of Springfields other churches is its unusual clerestory and its unique octagonal onion dome. Among the most unusual elements of the dome is its hidden means of structural support: because no columns are present in the buildings interior upon which the dome can rest, it is apparent that the domes weight rests upon a collection of arches, which work together to distribute the domes weight. Architectural historians have understood the shape and support of Third Presbyterians dome as an indication that it was patterned after the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It cannot be compared with domes in any other Cregar-designed buildings, for Third Presbyterian was the only building that he designed with a dome. Throughout the church&#39;s history, its exterior appearance has remained the same; no significant changes have ever been made to it.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1980, Third Presbyterian Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it is one of four Springfield churches on the Register, along with St. Raphaels Catholic Church, St. Josephs Catholic Church, and St. John&#39;s Evangelical Lutheran Church, all of which were also designed by Cregar. It qualified for inclusion on the Register due to its historically significant architecture, which was deemed to be significant throughout Ohio; seen as the leading part of its architecture and thus of its historic significance was its unique octagonal onion dome.</p><br>
<p>Bethel Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church building in rural Clermont County, Ohio, United States. Built in the 1810s under the leadership of one of Ohio&#39;s earliest Methodist preachers, it has survived the death of its congregation, and it remains in use for community activities. Together with its cemetery, the building continues to be used occasionally, and it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The pioneer minister at Bethel was New Jersey native John Collins, who migrated to the Northwest Territory in 1802. Local legend asserts that he was the first Methodist Episcopal preacher in what has since become the Cincinnati metropolitan area, although Ohios oldest Methodist church was formed in a preachers house at Milford in 1797. Collins started Methodist classes throughout much of southern Ohio, including Bantam, Chillicothe, Dayton, Hillsboro, and Lebanon. When the congregation at Bantam was founded in 1805, the members named it "Bethel" and built a log church building, but the original structure remained for only a short time; the present church building replaced it in 1818. Substantial changes were made in 1867, although the core of the 1818 structure still stands.</p><br>
<p>The congregation closed in 1968: when the Corps of Engineers bought large amounts of land to create East Fork State Park, all area residents were forced out, and no members remained to continue worshiping at Bethel. Today, the building is used just twice annually: a Memorial Day service is held in conjunction with an American Legion post, and a homecoming event each fall includes a service.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Bethel is a simple vernacular building, a frame rectangular gable-front structure. Sitting atop the eastern end of the church is a square belfry. Built with weatherboarded walls, the church rests on a stone foundation. Its southern side is divided into four bays with twelve-over-twelve sash windows. Surrounding the building is the church graveyard; among its hundreds of burials are dozens of unknown soldiers and the grandparents of USA President Ulysses S. Grant, a Clermont County native.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1978, the former Bethel Methodist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its architecture and because of its connection to John Collins. Nearby lies another National Register-listed location, the Elk Lick Road Mound, an Indian mound constructed by peoples of the Adena culture.</p><br>
<p>Pansy Methodist Church is a historic church at Pansy in Clinton County, Ohio, United States. Built in 1885,</p><br>
<p>Built in 1885 and 1900 respectively, the church and school are a mix of architectural styles. Measuring approximately 28 by, the church is a Gothic Revival building with three ogive windows on each side; worshippers entered through a large front door in a Gothic arched doorway with a transom light. A small tower with a belfry sits atop the roof at the front of the church; it is decorated with ornate latticework. Nearby, the school measures 29 by; its Romanesque Revival style is evidenced by elements such as pilasters on the corners and decorative brickwork below the roofline. Both buildings are constructed of brick on stone foundations and feature slate roofs.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the church and school were designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to their historically significant architecture. Key to this designation was their place as a rare example of the nineteenth-century country church; they were seen as evoking a sense of historic rural Christianity in the region.</p><br>
<p>Chalfant Church is a historic church in Warsaw in Coshocton County, Ohio. It was the first church in the county; the county was formed in 1810.</p><br>
<p>The current building, built in 1893, was built on the site of the first church building. It has been suggested to be the finest rural church in its county. It is a wood frame "Victorian Gothic" building, built on a sandstone foundation with a cross-shaped plan. It has intersecting slate-covered gable roofs. A small cemetery rises up a hill behind.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Brownella Cottage and Grace Episcopal Church and Rectory  is a historic church complex at S. Union and Walnut Streets in Galion, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The site is significant for its association with Bishop William Montgomery Brown, notable as the first bishop of his communion to be tried for heresy since the Reformation and "the first of any creed in America to be deposed for heretical teaching" (according to an obituary).</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The complex includes:</p><br>
<p>the Brownella Cottage, built during 1885-1887 for Brown and his wife, Ella Scranton Bradford, which was the bishop&#39;s home until his death in 1937,</p><br>
<p>the bishops study, formerly St. Josephs Roman Catholic Church,</p><br>
<p>the Brownella carriage house,</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church, and</p><br>
<p>the rectory of the Grace Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>The cottage at least was funded by Cleveland philanthropist Mary Scranton Bradford, "reflecting the Bradford wealth and high style of the 1880s architecture in the United States."</p><br>
<p>Some part of the complex was built in 1866.</p><br>
<p>The complex was added to the National Register in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The buildings are now owned by the Galion Historical Society. The 1887 Brownella Cottage features its original furnishings and is open for tours. The church is located across the street from the cottage and is available for events.</p><br>
<p>Monnett Memorial M. E. Chapel  is a historic church at 999 OH 98 in Bucyrus, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1901 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation traces its history back to 1828, when Issac Monnett held services in his own home. The original chapel was built in 1849 by Jeremiah Monnett, a relative of Mary Monnett Bain. It had between 12 and 17 members during the 1890s. That number dropped to 6 in the year prior to the completion of the new chapel.</p><br>
<p>Construction on the new building was begun in 1902. Its main floor seating capacity was 300, and featured an organ-loft. It was built of blue limestone and the pulpit was oak. The new, heated chapel was dedicated August 28, 1904 and featured a "Sunday School Room". The cost for structure was $8,500, much of the cost was funded by a gift from the late Placidia Shaw, a granddaughter of Jeremiah Monnett. By 1908, its membership had grown to 53.</p><br>
<p>Cobleskill Historic District is a national historic district located at Cobleskill in Schoharie County, New York. The district includes 180 contributing buildings and eight contributing sites. It encompasses a commercial area, several residential streets, churches, an old school, a railroad, and a fairgrounds. The area includes a small stream that runs through a park containing a millpond. The focal point of the community is the 1874 Hotel Augustan, now used for commercial purposes. The oldest building is the Bull&#39;s Head Inn, built in 1802.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>North Blenheim Historic District is a national historic district located at the hamlet of North Blenheim in Schoharie County, New York. The district includes 25 contributing buildings and one contributing site. Most of the buildings exhibit some influence from the vernacular Greek Revival style. Located within the district is an exceptional Greek Revival church built in 1841.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Bute–Warner–Truax Farm is a historic farm complex and national historic district located at Charlotteville in Schoharie County, New York. The district includes three contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing structures. It includes a Greek Revival style farmhouse built about 1853. Also included is a milk house , auto garage , fire pond , and 19th-century family burial plot.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Bellinger–Dutton House is a historic house located at 158 River Street in Middleburgh, Schoharie County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story, heavy timber-framed structure built in 1846 in the temple front Greek Revival style. It features a hipped roof and a massive Classical portico with four fluted Doric order columns. Also on the property are a frame carriage barn, garden house/playhouse, and square brick smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 7, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Christopher S. Best House and Office is a historic home in Middleburgh, Schoharie County, New York. It is a two-story, flat-roofed, frame Italianate dwelling built in 1884. It was enlarged and modified with a series of renovations between 1890 and 1912. It now houses a medical history museum. Also on the property are a frame carriage barn and garage.</p><br>
<p>From 1884 to 1991, a small-town American community was served by this Victorian residence and medical facility. The Dr. Best collection has Civil War, railroad and telephone artifacts. The expansive and unique collection includes bottles, automotive memorabilia, clothing and quilts, as well as the fully stocked kitchen and medical equipment. The house is open for tours during the summer.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Upper Middleburgh Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at Middleburgh in Schoharie County, New York. It was incorporated in 1865 and contains an estimated 4,000 interments. The most notable structure is the Foster mausoleum, designed by architect Henry Bacon  in the early 1900s and includes a sculpture by Evelyn Beatrice Longman . There is also a Neo-Gothic Revival chapel , maintenance and storage building , and Timothy Murphy memorial, dedicated in 1910 and including a bronze bas-relief sculpture by Evelyn Beatrice Longman.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Becker–Westfall House, also known as Westfall House, is a historic home and tavern located at Schoharie in Schoharie County, New York, United States. It is a brick structure built in 1784, with a two-story, three-bay rectangular block and a one-story, three-bay wing. Also on the property is a brick smoke house, garage, barn, and a cow stable.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Sternbergh House is a historic home located at Schoharie in Schoharie County, New York. It was built about 1825 is a two-story, five-bay, center entrance timber-framed vernacular Federal style house. Also on the property is the 1813 grave of Abraham Sternbergh.</p><br>
<p>A New York State historical marker posted in front of the house reads:</p><br>
<p>"c. 1795</p><br>
<p>Abraham Sternbergh House</p><br>
<p>In 1713 Abrahams father, Lambert Sternbergh, an early Palatine settler, was the first to plant wheat in the Schoharie Valley. Schoharie later became known as the Bread Basket of the Revolution&#39; for feeding the Continental Army.</p><br>
<p>Town of Schoharie"</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Peter A. Hilton House is a historic home located at Beekman Corners in Schoharie County, New York. It was built about 1799 is a -story, five-bay, gable-roofed brick residence in the Federal style. A gable-roofed, -story brick kitchen wing projects from the rear. Also on the property is a Dutch barn , horse barn , and pig / sheep barn .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The George Westinghouse Jr. Birthplace and Boyhood Home is a historic home located at Central Bridge in Schoharie County, New York. The property includes two 19th-century residences, two small barns, a well house and privy, as well as the site of a combined blacksmith shop and threshing machine works. The house where inventor George Westinghouse was born, built circa 1825, is a -story, rectangular frame residence in a vernacular Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 20, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Gallupville House, also known as Old Hall, is a historic hotel located at Gallupville in Schoharie County, New York. It was built in 1872 and is a -story wood-frame building, with a 1-story porch on the front and a 2-story addition in the rear dated to 1890. It features a hipped tin roof crowned by a large square cupola. It was used as a hotel into the 1920s when it was converted to the I.O.O.F. Hall. It was later used by the local Grange and for town offices.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office–Middleburgh is a historic post office building located at Middleburgh in Schoharie County, New York, United States. It was designed and built 1939–1940, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department under Louis A. Simon. The building is in the Colonial Revival style and is a one-story, five-bay, steel frame structure on a raised concrete foundation. The interior features a 1941 mural by Mary Earley titled "Dance of the Hop Pickers."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Monjeau Lookout was completed in 1940 by the Civilian Conservation Corps to serve as a fire lookout tower within Lincoln National Forest, New Mexico, United States, and remains in active use as a destination for forest visitors. The structure is a 14 x native stone tower which contains living quarters, and is topped with a metal-frame cab.</p><br>
<p>The structure is listed on the National Register of Historic Places,</p><br>
<p>Monjeau Lookout is reached via a 5.5 mi National Forest gravel road, north of Ruidoso, New Mexico. There are three parking and camping areas a mile or two below the Lookout. The last mile or so of NF117 going up to the Monjeau Lookout is sometimes closed. When that is the case, no vehicle traffic goes to the top and the restroom at the top may also be closed. To reach the structure, one must then hike up the road. As of July 2021, the gate is open, but it was closed for a time in the late summer of 2020.</p><br>
<p>Schoharie County Courthouse Complex is a historic courthouse and county clerks building located at Schoharie in Schoharie County, New York. The courthouse building was built in 1870 and is a two-story structure above a raised basement structure built of cut limestone block laid random ashlar. It features a shallow hipped roof surmounted by an ornate pyramidal cupola and corner turrets of pressed metal. The county clerks building is a two-story, hip-roofed, rectangular stone building built of random ashlar limestone in 1914.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Southern New England Telephone Company Building is a historic high-rise office building at 55 Trumbull Street in Hartford, Connecticut. It is a twelve-story Art Deco building built in 1931 for the Southern New England Telephone Company, which occupied it into the 1990s. Now mainly residential, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Southern New England Telephone Company Building is located on the south side of downtown Hartford, at the northwest corner of Jewell and Trumbull Streets, overlooking Bushnell Park. It is twelve stories in height, faced with granite and limestone, and has Art Deco styling. The main facade faces Jewell Street, and is fifteen bays wide, organized in a 1-3-2-3-2-3-1 pattern articulated by piers that have Art Deco relief carvings at the base of the second story. The present main entrance is in the second grouping from the left, framed by a decorated rectangular surround.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by the architectural firm of Roy Foote, and its first six stories were completed in 1931. It was provisioned for enlargement at that time, and another six stories were added in 1952, designed by Westcott and Mapes to seamlessly integrated with the existing structure. The Southern New England Telephone Company, for many years Connecticut&#39;s major telephone service provider, housed offices and switching equipment in the building. The company was the first to introduce dial service, which began operation in Hartford in 1922. The company began moving out of the premises in the 1970s, and fully vacated it in the late 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The Old Hansen Planetarium is a three-story building located at 15 South State Street in Salt Lake City, Utah. It has served many functions throughout its history. Originally built in 1904 as the Salt Lake City Public Library, the building was renovated in 1965 to become the Hansen Planetarium. After the planetarium closed and was replaced by the Clark Planetarium in 2003, the building was remodeled into the O.C. Tanner Company Flagship jewelry store, which opened in 2009. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Salt Lake City Public Library</h2><br>
<p>The first public library in Salt Lake City opened in 1898 and was located in the top floor of the Salt Lake City and County Building. After the library quickly outgrew the venue, the city began looking for a location to build a new library. A group of women called the Ladies Literary Society helped out by persuading the mining millionaire John Quackenbos Packard to donate land and money for the new building, which cost $100,000 at the time. The new library opened in 1905 with librarian Joanna Sprague, for whom the Sprague branch of the Salt Lake City Public Library system, also listed on the National Register of Historic Places,</p><br>
<p>When the building was constructed, it was described as a "combination of the Doric and Ionian styles of architecture", and would later be classified in the Beaux Arts style. It was designed by Heins & LaFarge of New York City, and the local supervising architect was Frederick A. Hale. The library was three stories tall with a two-story entrance pavilion constructed of oolite limestone and 20,000 ft2 of floor space. The roof was slightly flared, and the roofline was broken by a large carved stone gable with a center arched window and four decorated pilasters. The entrance pavilions sides were curved around the spiral staircases at both ends of the entrance foyer. The pavilion was divided into three sections by four columns; each bay contained oak double doors leading to the foyer. After going through the foyer, the main reading room is revealed. In the center of the room stood a librarians desk made of steel and topped by golden oak, the same finish of the interior of the entrance foyer. On the upper floor, the main auditorium contained seating for 350 people.</p><br>
<h2>Hansen Planetarium</h2><br>
<p>After the new library was constructed in 1964, Gail Plummer, professor of speech and drama at the University of Utah and chairman of the Salt Lake City Library board, expressed interest in converting the old library into a planetarium. Plummer had several conversations with Mrs. Beatrice M. Hansen, wife of the late George T. Hansen, in which Mrs. Hansen decided to fund the project. In 1965 she donated $400,000 to the city to build the planetarium in memory of her deceased husband. The Hansen Planetarium continued operation until April 2003, when it outgrew the building and was replaced by the Clark Planetarium in The Gateway.</p><br>
<p>When the Hansen Planetarium occupied the building, the center doors of the entrance pavilion were replaced by a large sheet of glass, and the center part of the steps was replaced with a fountain. A mezzanine was added above the second floor in the entrance pavilion for exhibit in the planetarium. The same firm that did the original millwork for the 1904 building worked on these new additions. The local architect for the additions was Wesley Budd.</p><br>
<h2>O. C. Tanner Company</h2><br>
<p>After four years of lying vacant, the O. C. Tanner Company bought the building in 2007 for $1.2 million. Before Tanner came along, two referendums to fund the empty building were rejected, but the jeweling company&#39;s clear plan got the votes it needed.</p><br>
<p>Upon the companys purchase of the building, O.C. Tanners staff decided to try to mimic the original architecture as closely as possible. Because of this, the dome at the rear of the building was removed. Instead of simply demolishing the dome, however, it was systematically dismantled and donated to the Zion&#39;s Gateway to the Stars planetarium in Orderville, Utah. Also, the front staircase was restored to its original condition by removing the fountain in the center, which, coincidentally, was donated by O. C. Tanner himself.</p><br>
<p>Only three of the four walls—the sides and front—were preserved in Tanners restoration. Since the back had already been altered by the Hansen Planetarium and there were no original images of that wall from the 1905 building, Curtis Bennett, vice president of the companys retail operations, was allowed a little freedom with that design. The bottom of the rear wall contains repeated images from the library in 1905, the top contains images of a galaxy (signifying the Hansen Planetarium), and the middle contains an image of the founder of the company, O.C. Tanner. The image on the glass is a dot-matrix image, but the stone imaging required a new process developed specifically for this building.</p><br>
<p>Inside the building, a new limestone spiral staircase was built with a Flora Cascade chandelier hanging in the center of the spiral. The chandelier was designed by Sharon Marston and includes about 4,000 strands of fiber optics, more than 14,000 interwoven shapes made of white polymer and steel, and about 3,000 golden and amber glass leaves. Weighing 243 lbs and extending 26.4 ft from the ceiling, the chandelier stretches nearly the entire height of the building.</p><br>
<p>The E. E. Haugen House, also known as Charles R. Berry Residence or E. E. Haugen Residence, in Brookings, South Dakota, United States, was built in 1904.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>The Haugen, E.E., Residence is an excellent local example of the Colonial Revival style of architecture used for homes built in the USA during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The residence is a local interpretation of a nationally advertised architect’s design that appeared in The Woman’s Home Companion between 1898 and 1904. The grand home, built in 1904, was one of the early landmarks in Brookings and was even featured in an early twentieth-century promotional booklet for the town. The house is currently privately owned by the White Family. George White III is a very important part of this houses history. From the Huge antenna tower to the classic 1999 Saturns. Anyone visiting should visit the finest Home in Brookings County.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on March 1, 2010.</p><br>
<p>Bramanville Mill, also known as Chickering Grist Mill, is a historic grist mill located at Cobleskill in Schoharie County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>The mill building is a 30 foot by 50 foot, rectangular, gable roofed wood-frame building, two and one half stories on the end facing the road.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
